Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation and hyper responsiveness. The main features include chronic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness to various stimuli, variable and reversible airflow limitation, and a series of changes in airway structure with the prolongation of the disease course, that is, airway remodeling. The clinical manifestations are recurrent symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, or coughing, which often occur or aggravate at night and in the early morning. Most patients can relieve themselves or relieve after treatment.
There are many types of asthma, such as exercise-induced asthma, occupational asthma, drug-induced asthma, menstrual asthma, etc., must be treated in time to avoid aggravation of symptoms.
In recent years, with the popularization of Western dietary patterns, the prevalence rate has continued to rise. A Western-style diet rich in saturated fatty acids, sugar, and red meat has been linked to a higher incidence of asthma and has a negative impact on asthma management. And studies have found that people whose diets of plant foods are higher in vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, flavonoids, magnesium, selenium, and omega-3 fatty acids, which are antioxidants, have lower rates of asthma can protect cells from damage. Therefore, the daily diet of asthma patients is very knowledgeable.
How should asthma patients eat?
It can follow the principle of "three reductions and two increases".
Butter, sunflower oil, and nuts have "pro-inflammatory" effects, and their intake needs to be reduced appropriately, while foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (unsaturated fatty acids), such as algae and fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, because of their The "anti-inflammatory" effect can be supplemented appropriately.
Reduce dairy intake: Frequent dairy consumption was positively associated with the odds of developing asthma; dairy intake was inversely associated with asthma control.
Reduce the intake of red meat and processed meat: Try to reduce the intake of red meat and processed meat, choose high-quality protein, and consider fish if you are not allergic. Soy is also a good source of protein. Increase vegetable and fruit intake.
Studies have found that eating a lot of fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of asthma in children and adults, reduce the incidence of wheezing, fruits and vegetables also reduce the severity of asthma.
How to eat it?
Raw vegetables are better than cooked vegetables (the anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids is lost with heating), but you need to pay attention to food hygiene.
How much to eat?
Fresh vegetables> 300g/day, dark vegetables account for half; fresh fruits> 200g/day.
What to eat?
Vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, carotene, ubiquinone, flavonoids, zinc, and selenium.
How to choose?
Eat more apples, citrus fruits (rich in vitamin C), and more orange and dark green vegetables and fruits (rich in carotene).
Nursing through respiratory rehabilitation exercise methods
①Abdominal breathing training
The operation requires placing both hands on the patient’s abdomen, keeping comfortable and relaxing the whole body, breathing slowly and deeply through the abdominal bulge, and then exhaling the inhaled air, training 2 times/d, 10~15min/time is appropriate.
②Respiratory training of pursed lips
Nurses take the patient to a standing or sitting position with the lips pursed, instructing the patient to inhale slowly and deeply through the nose, keeping the ratio of exhalation to inhalation at 1:2 is the best way, 5-10 min/time, 2 times/d.
③Blow out candle breathing training
To assist the patient to adopt a proper sitting posture, sit in front of a table with candles, instruct the patient to keep the mouth and the candle at the same level, the distance should be controlled at 20 cm, and then instruct the patient to purse the lips and exhale and inhale slowly Movements can be performed according to the patient's physical condition and chest breathing training.
④Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises
The patient keeps the whole body in a relaxed state, lying down, breathing to make the chest bulge, then hold the breath for 4~6s, and then exhale through the mouth, the frequency is kept at 6~7s each time is the best, 2 times/d, 10~15min/time when the flame swings, properly lengthen the distance between the mouth and the candle, and the length should be controlled within 90cm.
⑤Rehabilitation exercise training
According to the physical condition of the patient, formulate reasonable aerobic exercise and walking training, including bending over, expanding the chest and stretching the limbs, and control the walking time and distance according to the actual condition of the patient, 20min/d, once/d, to prevent patient fatigue.
⑥Psychological intervention
The psychological reactions of asthmatic patients may include depression, anxiety, fear, personality changes, etc., and psychological counseling is given to enable patients to maintain a regular life and an optimistic mood.
A specific plan that can comply with the doctor's order
· long-term control medication
Medications requiring daily use and prolonged maintenance (inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta2 agonists, leukotriene modulators)
· First aid medicine
Rapid relief of bronchospasm to relieve asthma symptoms (short-acting beta2-agonists, short-acting anticholinergics, systemic steroids)
· Other drugs
Mainly biological targeted drugs Master the correct drug inhalation methods, especially inhalation devices such as dry powder inhalers, metered-dose aerosols, spacers, nebulizers, etc.
Take appropriate preventive and treatment measures for different situations.
Self-treatment plan for acute symptoms of asthma attack
1. Use 1~2 sprays of SABA, if necessary, inhale once every 4~8 hours, but no more than 8 sprays within 24 hours.
2. Increase control drugs: When symptoms persist after using reliever drugs, and PEF cannot return to the normal predicted value or personal best value, it is necessary to increase control drugs, such as increasing the dose of ICS, or adding other control drugs.
3. Add oral corticosteroids and see a doctor: When the symptoms continue to aggravate after taking the above measures, you can add oral corticosteroids and seek medical treatment in a medical institution in time. Choose appropriate medical resources for daily treatment and acute attacks. When there is no acute attack and regular follow-up, you can choose general or specialist outpatient department of respiratory medicine. In the event of an acute attack, go to the emergency room immediately.
How do I know if my asthma is controlled?
Get an Asthma Control Test can help you and your doctor determine whether your asthma is being properly controlled.